What Is It?
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid, a type of fat found in every cell in the body. It is particularly concentrated in the brain, where it has the important task of keeping cell membranes fluid, flexible and primed for nutrient absorption. PS also plays a critical role in supporting nerve tissue; it aids proper release and reception of neurotransmitters in the brain, for example. In short, PS helps to keep memory-related pathways functioning smoothly. Research indicates that when PS levels naturally decline with age, so too does the ability to learn, remember things and stay alert. Depression may also develop as a result of age-related PS insufficiency. PS supplements have been proposed as a partial solution to such developments. Rapidly absorbed into the brain, these supplements may compensate for low PS levels and thus prevent or even reverse age-related declines in brain function. PS actually appears in numerous foods, including rice and green leafy vegetables, but only in small amounts. Commercially prepared supplements, on the other hand, offer a concentrated source. Up until a few years ago, PS supplements were manufactured from animal sources, specifically from cows' brains. But because of concerns about the potential for cross-species infection ("mad cow" disease), supplements are now derived from a plant source, soy lecithin.
Health Benefits
| Studies in animals and older adults (age 50 plus) indicate that PS
supplements may revitalize age-impaired brain function. However,
healthy individuals who take PS to boost mental performance may be
disappointed: There is no solid research evidence to indicate that
adding PS supplements to the diet in this way will make any difference.
Specifically, phosphatidylserine may help to: • Lessen age-related
decline in brain functioning. Several studies, some of them quite
well-designed, have been conducted in the United States and Europe to
examine the effect of PS on preventing or reversing a decline in higher
mental functions (memory, concentration, abstract thought and judgment
) in older adults already experiencing difficulties in these areas. In
one 12-week study of 149 adults ages 50 to 75, those who took 300 mg PS
a day were better able to learn and recall names, faces and numbers
than those taking a placebo. All the participants had been diagnosed
with age-associated memory impairment. The greatest benefit was
observed in participants who had been most impaired when the study
started. PS supplements were also more effective than a placebo in a
six-month study involving 494 individuals between ages 65 and 93. All
suffered from moderate to severe senility. When compared to those who
took a placebo, those assigned to the PS treatment had marked
short-term improvements in their ability to memorize, concentrate, and
learn new material. • Slow brain function decline in Alzheimer's
disease and Parkinson's disease. Several studies indicate that taking
PS during the early stages of these devastating diseases will boost
cognitive skills. Many of the improvements seen with PS for general
age-related decline in brain function may also apply to both
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. • Combat depression. Reports from clinical
trials of depressed older adults taking PS supplements indicate that
the nutrient had a positive influence on mood and behavior, minimizing
such reactions as apathy, withdrawal and loss of initiative. In one
study, depressive symptoms lifted after 30 days of treatment. PS is
also taken by younger people struggling with depression, although few
if any studies on the subject have been done. Parkinson's disease
sufferers may also find PS useful for relieving depression. • Increase
ability to handle stress. When under stress, the body's adrenal glands
set up their output of cortisol, a hormone that can, among other
things, decrease immunity, interfere with wound healing and produce
mood swings when present at chronically elevated levels. Supplemental
PS may reduce cortisol levels, helping to enhance a person's sense of
well-being. Cortisol output is also greater during intense exercise.
Interestingly, a recent study of 12 male athletes found that when they
took PS supplements, cortisol levels fell and their sense of well-being
rose. Compared with their time on a placebo, the participants also had
less muscle soreness while they were taking PS. |
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